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O level A-Math: 2 Different Approaches To Solve Identity Question In Factor – Remainder Theorem

In O level Additional Mathematics, there is a small section on Identity inside the topic of Factor & Remainder Theorem. Today I am going to share with you the 2 different approaches to solve this kind of questions.

  • Substitution Method (My preferred method)

I am going to use the question below to show you the step by step solutions of both methods.

Given that 3x^2+x-2=A(x-1)(x+2)+B(x-1)+C for all values of x, find the value of A, of B and of C.

Let x = 1,

3+1-2 = C

C=2

Let x = -2,

3(4)-2-2 = B(-3) + 2

3(4)-2-2 = B(-3) + 2

B= -2

Let x = 0,

-2 = -2A+ 2 + 2

A = 3

Thus A = 3, B = -2 and C = 2

Concept behind the Subsitution method: The value of x choosen will cause one or more of the unknowns to be “cancel off”, leaving just 1 unknown left. For example, when I choose x = 1 in the first subsituition, A & B are eliminated, allowing me to find ‘C’.

  • Comparing Coefficients Method

Given that 3x^2+x-2=A(x-1)(x+2)+B(x-1)+C for all values of x, find the value of A, of B and of C.

By comparing coefficient of x^2:

LHS: 3 = A => A = 3

By comparing coefficient of x:

LHS: 1 = 2A – A + B => B = -2

By comparing coefficient of x^0:

LHS: -2 = -2A -  B + C => C = 2

Thus A = 3, B = -2 and C = 2

Concept behind the Comparing Coefficient method: Expansion is usually required on one side of the equation. It takes up time. The reason for the insignificant working shown is due to the fact that the expansion is done mentally instead of written. This method is highly recommended if there is more than 1 unknown other than x on the left hand side of the equation. For example, there’s an unknown ‘D’ on the left hand side of the equation.

Which method do you usually use? And which method does your school teach you? Leave me your answer in the comment section below.

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1 Comment for O level A-Math: 2 Different Approaches To Solve Identity Question In Factor – Remainder Theorem

Play The Tower of Hanoi - A Famous Mathematical Game | April 8, 2009 at 9:49 pm

[...] will be back in the next post to discuss on different approaches to a Additional Mathematics on Identity which falls in the topic of Factor Remainder Theorem. Look out for the next [...]

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About Ai Ling

Hi, my name is Ai Ling Ong and I'm a professional Math Trainer specializing in GCE 'O' level Mathematics (Additional & Elementary). More than 10 years of teaching experience, I have coached hundreds of students more than 80 schools in Singapore. Read more about me here
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